The Turkish and Iraqi armies conducted joint military exercises near the Iraq-Turkey border on September 25, 2017, as Turkey threatened economic and military action in response to the Iraqi Kurdish independence referendum.

Turkey-Iraq Relations: Opportunities and Tensions in Security and Connectivity

Institute:

Middle East Technical University (METU)

Project members:

Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık, Department of International Relations, Middle East Technical University (METU) 
Assoc. Dr. Derya Göçer, Area Studies, Middle East Technical University (METU)
Dr. Amr Ellithy, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Middle East Technical University (METU)
Nebahat Tanrıverdi Yaşar, Independent Researcher

Project Duration: Oct 2024 – Sep 2025

Contact:

Assoc. Dr. Derya Göçer, email: akderya@metu.edu.tr


In recent years, Turkey has made significant strides in normalising relations with its Middle Eastern neighbours, including Iraq. This project explores the evolving relationship between Turkey and Iraq, highlighted by a landmark visit of a Turkish delegation, where 26 cooperation agreements were signed. These agreements span critical areas such as security, counterterrorism, trade, energy, water management, and education. In a notable move, Iraq also designated the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) as a “prohibited organisation” for the first time.

This project seeks to analyse this rapprochement by focusing on three key areas: security, water management, and economic reconstruction and connectivity. It will explore Turkey’s goals, strategies, and tools in Iraq and assess the responses from Iraqi stakeholders. Additionally, the project will examine the broader implications for Turkey-EU relations, particularly around regional stability and development.

Key objectives include:

  • Identifying Turkey’s strategic interests and policies in Iraq
  • Assessing Iraqi perspectives on Turkey’s actions, including the central government and the KRG
  • Locating Turkey-Iraq relations in their regional context, especially given the current turmoil
  • Analysing the implications of Turkey-Iraq relations in relation to the regional policies of the major powers: the US, Russia and China
  • Exploring areas of cooperation and competition between Turkey and the EU, focusing on security, water, and the economy

Through four case studies and a multi-level analysis, this project aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, particularly in Turkey, Iraq, and the EU. By examining the dynamics of Turkey’s evolving policies and their implications for regional security, connectivity, and development, the project will offer valuable recommendations for government and private-sector stakeholders alike.

Back to Ongoing Projects

Publications

    • Amr Ellithy

    Rewriting the Rules of Trade and Connectivity between Turkey and Iraq

    In recent years, Turkey has advanced the normalisation of relations with its Middle Eastern neighbours, notably Iraq. The CATS Network project “Turkey-Iraq Relations: Opportunities and Tensions in Security and Connectivity”, conducted by Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, investigates this evolving partnership, marked by a high-level visit in 2024 during which 26 cooperation agreements were signed in areas such as security, counterterrorism, trade, energy, water, and education. As part of this CATS Network project this paper explores the deepening economic and strategic ties between Turkey and Iraq. This partnership is underscored by record trade volumes and joint involvement in the Development Road Project, which aims to establish Iraq as a key transit hub linking Asia and Europe. While infrastructure and energy cooperation-alongside shifting geopolitical dynamics such as the Red Sea crisis-are reshaping regional connectivity, they are also enhancing both countries’ roles in global supply chains.

    CATS Network Paper, No. 21, 08.07.2025, 28 Pages

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    • Ziryan Rojhelati

    The political dynamics behind economic relations between Turkey and the KRI – Ziryan Rojhelati

    in: Global Panorama, 07.07.2025

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    • Meliha Altunışık
    • Derya Göçer

    Balancing Security and Diplomacy: Turkey’s Dual-Track Policy Towards Iraq

    in: The Henry L. Stimson Center, 25.04.2025

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